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1,2-Addition
1,2-Addition: Answers
1,2-Addition: Mastery Check
1,2-Adduct
1,2-Alkyl Shift
1,2-Aryl Shift
1,2-Aryl Shift: Answers
1,2-Aryl Shift: Mastery Check
1,4-Addition
1,4-Addition: Answers
1,4-Addition: Mastery Check
1,4-Adduct
A Value
A Value: Answers
A Value: Mastery Check
About Us
Absolute Configuration
Absorbance
Acetal
Acetal Carbon
Acetal Group
Acetoacetic Acid
Acetoacetic Ester
Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
Acetyl Group
Acetylenic Hydrogen
Acetylide Ion
Acetylide Ion: Answers
Acetylide Ion: Mastery Check
Achiral Molecule
Acid
Acid Anhydride
Acid Chloride
Acid Dissociation Constant
Acid Dissociation Constant: Answers
Acid Dissociation Constant: Mastery Check
Acid Halide
Acid Strength
Acidity Constant
Acronyms of Common Reagents and Solvents
Activating Group
Activation
Active Methylene Compound
Active Methyne Compound
Acyclic Ether
Acyclic Ether: Answers
Acyclic Ether: Mastery Check
Acyl Anion
Acyl Anion Equivalent
Acyl Cation
Acyl Group
Acyl Radical
Acylium Ion
Acyloin
Addition
Addition Product
Addition-Elimination
Addition-Elimination Mechanism
Addition-Substitution
Addition-Substitution Mechanism
Addition: Answers
Addition: Mastery Check
Adduct
Adduct: Answers
Adduct: Answers
Adduct: Mastery Check
Aglycone
Alcohol
Alcohol Group
Alcohol: Answers
Alcohol: Mastery Check
Aldaric Acid
Aldehyde
Aldehyde Group
Aldehyde: Answers
Aldehyde: Mastery Check
Alditol
Aldol
Aldol Condensation
Aldol Reaction
Aldonic Acid
Aldose
Alicyclic
Alicyclic: Answers
Alicyclic: Mastery Check
Aliphatic
Aliphatic Amine
Aliphatic Amine: Answers
Aliphatic Amine: Mastery Check
Aliphatic Ether
Aliphatic Ether: Answers
Aliphatic Ether: Mastery Check
Aliphatic: Answers
Aliphatic: Mastery Check
Alkane
Alkane: Answers
Alkane: Mastery Check
Alkanesulfonic Acid
Alkene
Alkene Group
Alkene: Answers
Alkene: Mastery Check
Alkenyl Carbocation
Alkenyl Carbocation: Answers
Alkenyl Carbocation: Mastery Check
Alkenyl Carbon
Alkenyl Carbon: Answers
Alkenyl Carbon: Mastery Check
Alkenyl Group
Alkenyl Halide
Alkenyl Halide: Answers
Alkenyl Halide: Mastery Check
Alkenyl Hydrogen
Alkenyl Hydrogen: Answers
Alkenyl Hydrogen: Mastery Check
Alkoxide Ion
Alkoxy Group
Alkyl Carbanion
Alkyl Carbocation
Alkyl Carbocation: Answers
Alkyl Carbocation: Mastery Check
Alkyl Ester
Alkyl Group
Alkyl Halide
Alkyl Halide: Answers
Alkyl Halide: Mastery Check
Alkyl Mesylate
Alkyl Methanesulfonate
Alkyl p-Toluenesulfonate
Alkyl Radical
Alkyl Radical: Mastery Check
Alkyl Radicals: Answers
Alkyl Sulfonate
Alkyl Sulfonate: Answers
Alkyl Sulfonate: Mastery Check
Alkyl Tosylate
Alkylation
Alkylborane
Alkylborane: Answers
Alkylborane: Mastery Check
Alkyne
Alkyne Group
Alkynyl Carbon
Alkynyl Group
Alkynyl Halide
Alkynyl Hydrogen
Allene
Allyl Carbocation
Allyl Radical
Allylic Carbocation
Allylic Carbon
Allylic Halide
Allylic Hydrogen
Allylic Radical
Allylic Substitution
Alpha Amino Acid
Alpha Anomer
Alpha Carbon
Alpha Cleavage
Alpha Halogenation
Alpha Hydrogen
Ambident Nucleophile
Amide
Amide Group
Amine
Amine Oxide
Amino Acid
Amino Acid Residue
Amino Acid Unit
Ammonium Ion
Amphoteric
Anchimeric Assistance
Angle Strain
Anhydride
Annulene
Anomeric Carbon
Anomeric Center
Anomers
Answers: Alkoxide Ion
Answers: Alkylation
Anti Addition
Anti Conformation
Anti-Markovnikov Addition
Antiaromatic
Antiaromatic Annulene
Antiaromatic Compound
Anticoplanar
Antiparallel
Antiperiplanar
Aprotic Solvent
Arene
Arenesulfonic Acid
Arenium Ion
Aromatic
Aromatic Amine
Aromatic Annulene
Aromatic Compound
Aromatic Ether
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Aromatic Hydrogen
Aryl Carbanion
Aryl Carbocation
Aryl Ester
Aryl Group
Aryl Halide
Aryl Radical
Aryne
Assisted Homolysis
Asymmetric Carbon Atom
Autocatalysis
Autoxidation
Axial Bond
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Base
Base Peak
Base Strength
Beckmann Rearrangement
Beer-Lambert Law
Benzene Ring
Benzilic Acid Rearrangement
Benzyl Carbocation
Benzyl Radical
Benzylic Carbocation
Benzylic Carbon
Benzylic Halide
Benzylic Radical
Benzyne
Benzyne Mechanism
Beta Amino Acid
Beta Anomer
Beta Carbon
Beta Cleavage
Beta Hydrogen
Betaine
Bicycloalkane
Birch Reduction
Boat Conformation
Bond Angle
Bond Axis
Bond Dissociation Energy
Branched Alkane
Bridge
Bridged Bicycloalkane
Bridgehead Carbon Atom
Bromohydrin
Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Mastery Check: Alkoxide Ion
Mastery Check: Alkylation
C-D
[2+2] Cycloaddition
[4+2] Cycloaddition
1,1-Diol
1,2-Diol
1,2-Dithiane
1,3-Dithiane
1,4-Dithiane
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone
C-Terminal
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Convention
Carbanion
Carbanion Equivalent
Carbene
Carbene Equivalent
Carbenoid
Carbocation
Carbocation Rearrangement
Carbocycle
Carbohydrate
Carbonyl Carbon
Carbonyl Compound
Carbonyl Group
Carbonyl Oxygen
Carboxylate Ion
Carboxylation
Carboxylic Acid
Carboxylic Acid Anhydride
Carboxylic Acid Derivative
Carboxylic Acid Ester
Carboxylic Acid Ester Group
Carboxylic Acid Group
Carboxylic Acid Salt
Catalytic Hydrogenation
Catalytic Reduction
Center of Chirality
CFC
Chair Conformation
Chemical Ionization
Chemical Shift
Chemically Equivalent Ligands
Chemoselective
Chiral Atom
Chiral Center
Chiral Center: Answers
Chiral Center: Mastery Check
Chiral Molecule
Chiral Molecule: Answers
Chiral Molecule: Mastery Check
Chirality Center
Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorohydrin
Chromate Ester
Chromic Acid
CIP Convention
Cis-Trans Isomers
Claisen Condensation
Claisen Rearrangement
Clemmensen Reduction
Combustion
Concerted Reaction
Condensation Reaction
Configuration
Conformation
Conformer
Conjugate Acid
Conjugate Addition
Conjugate Base
Conjugated Diene
Conjugated Double Bond
Constitutional Isomers
Constitutionally Heterotopic
Contact Us
Coordination Number
Cope Elimination
Cope Reaction
Cope Rearrangement
Coupling
Coupling Constant
Coupling Reaction
Crossed Aldol Condensation
Crossed Aldol Reaction
Crossed Claisen Condensation
Crosslink
Crown Ether
Cumulene
Curved Arrow
Cyano Group
Cyanohydrin
Cyclic Acetal
Cyclic Amide
Cyclic Ester
Cyclic Ether
Cyclic Hemiacetal
Cyclic Hemiketal
Cyclic Imide
Cyclic Ketal
Cyclic Ketone
Cyclic Manganate Ester
Cyclic Osmate Ester
Cyclic Periodate Ester
Cyclic Thioacetal
Cyclic Thioketal
Cycloaddition
Cycloadduct
Cycloalkane
Cycloalkene
Cycloreversion
D,L Convention
Deactivating Group
Decarboxylation
Degenerate Rearrangement
Degree of Unsaturation
Dehydration
Dehydrohalogenation
Deprotection Step
Deshielded Nucleus
Dextrorotatory
Dialkylborane
Diastereomers
Diastereoselective
Diastereotopic
Diazomethane
Diazonium Ion
Diazotic Acid
DIBAL
DIBALH
Dieckmann Condensation
Dielectric Constant
Diels-Alder Adduct
Diels-Alder Reaction
Diene
Dienophile
Dihedral Angle
Dihydroxylation
Diisobutylaluminum Hydride
Diisopropylamide Ion
Dimerization
Diol
Dipolar Ion
Dipole Moment
Diradical
Direct Addition
Directed Aldol Reaction
Disaccharide
Dismutation
Disproportionation
Dissolving-Metal Reduction
Disubstituted Alkene
Disulfide
Disulfide Group
Diterpene
Dithiane
Downfield
E-F
1,1-Elimination
1,2-Elimination
E,Z Convention
E1 Mechanism
E1 Reaction
E1cB Mechanism
E1cB Reaction
E2 Mechanism
E2 Reaction
Eclipsed Conformation
Eclipsing Strain
Electron Delocalization
Electron Ionization
Electrophile
Electrophilic Addition
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Electrophilic Atom
Electrophilic Substitution
Elimination
Enamine
Enamine Group
Enantiomeric Excess
Enantiomers
Enantioselective
Enantiotopic
Endocyclic
Enol
Enol Form
Enolate Ion
Enolizable Aldehyde
Enolizable Ester
Enolizable Ketone
Epimeric Carbon
Epimerization
Epimers
Epoxide
Epoxy Ring
Equatorial Bond
Equivalent Ligands
Erythro
Essential Amino Acid
Essential Fatty Acid
Essential Oil
Ester
Ester Bond
Ester Enolate
Ester Linkage
Esterification
Ether
Ether Group
Excited-State Atom
Exocyclic
Fat
Fatty Acid
Fingerprint Region
Fischer Esterification
Fischer Projection
Fischer Projection Formula
Fischer Projection: Answers
Fischer Projection: Mastery Check
Fish Hook
Flagpole Bond
Flagpole Hydrogen
Fluorohydrin
Formal Charge
Fragment
Fragmentation
Free Radical
Free Rotation
Freon
Friedel-Crafts Acylation
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
Fries Rearrangement
Functional Group
Functional Isomers
Furanose
Furanose Ring
Furanoside
Fused Bicycloalkane
α-Elimination
β-Elimination
G-H
1,2-Hydride Shift
Gabriel Synthesis
Gauche Conformation
Gem Diol
Geminal Hydrogens
Geometric Isomers
Gilman Reagent
Glycol
Glycoside
Glycosidic Bond
Glycosidic Link
Glycosidic Linkage
Glycosyl Group
Grignard Reagent
Ground-State Atom
Haloalkane
Haloalkene
Haloalkyne
Haloarene
Haloform
Haloform Reaction
Halogenation
Halohydrin
Halonium Ion
Hammond’s Postulate
Haworth Formula
Head-to-Head Link
Head-to-Tail Link
Heat of Hydrogenation
Hemiacetal
Hemiacetal Carbon
Hemiacetal Group
Hemiaminal
Hemiaminal Group
Hemiketal
Hemiketal Carbon
Hemiketal Group
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
Heteroaromatic Compound
Heteroatom
Heterocycle
Heterocyclic Amine
Heterolysis
Heterolytic Bond Cleavage
Hexose
High-Resolution Mass Spectrum
Hofmann Degradation
Hofmann Elimination
Hofmann Rearrangement
Hofmann Rule
Homolysis
Homolytic Bond Cleavage
Homolytic Bond Dissociation Energy
Homotopic
Hooke’s Law
Host-Guest Complex
Hückel’s Rule
Hybrid
Hybridization
Hybridized Orbitals
Hydration
Hydrazone
Hydride Equivalent
Hydride Reagent
Hydroboration
Hydroboration-Oxidation
Hydrocarbon
Hydrohalogenation
Hydrolysis
Hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide Group
Hydroxoacid
Hydroxy Group
Hydroxylation
Hyperconjugation
I-J
Imide
Imide Group
Imine
Imine Group
Imminium Ion
Index of Hydrogen Deficiency
Initiation
Inner Salt
Insertion
Intermolecular Reaction
Internal Alkyne
Internuclear Axis
Intimate Ion Pair
Intramolecular Reaction
Inversion of Configuration
Iodic (VII) Acid
Iodoform Test
Iodohydrin
Ipso Carbon
Irregular Terpene
Isoalkane
Isomerism
Isomers
Isoprene
Isoprene Residue
Isoprene Rule
Isoprene Unit
K-L
1-1 Link
1-4 Link
4-4 Link
Ketal
Ketal Carbon
Ketal Group
Keto Form
Keto Group
Keto-Enol Tautomerism
Ketone
Ketose
Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis
Kinetic Conditions
Kinetic Control
Kinetic Enolate
Kinetic Product
Kolbe Carboxylation
Lactam
Lactol
Lactone
Lateral Overlap
LDA
Leaving Group
Levorotatory
Lewis Acid
Lewis Base
Lewis Theory
Ligand
Lindlar Catalyst
Linear Overlap
Lipid
Lithium Aluminumhydride
Lithium Diisopropylamide
Long-Range Coupling
Low-Resolution Mass Spectrum
β-Ketocid
β-Ketoester
M-N
Malonic Ester
Malonic Ester Synthesis
Mannich Base
Mannich Reaction
Markovnikov Addition
Markovnikov’s Rule
Mass-to-Charge Ratio
McLafferty Rearrangement
Mechanism
Meisenheimer Complex
Mercaptan
Meso Compound
Meso Compound: Answers
Meso Compound: Mastery Check
Mesyl Chloride
Mesyl Group
Mesylate Group
Meta Carbon
Meta Directing Group
Meta Disubstituted Benzene
Methanesulfonate Group
Methanesulfonic Acid
Methanesulfonyl Chloride
Methanesulfonyl Group
Methyl Ketone
Methylene Carbon
Methylene Group
Michael Acceptor
Michael Addition
Michael Adduct
Michael Donor
Mixed Anhydride
Molar Absorption Coefficient
Molar Absorptivity
Molecular Formula
Molecular Ion
Molecular Ion Peak
Molozonide
Monochromatic Light
Monocycloalkane
Monosaccharide
Monosubstituted Alkene
Monoterpene
Multiplicity
Mutarotation
N-nitrosamine
N-Terminal
Neighboring Group Participation
Newman Projection
Nitrene
Nitrile
Nitrile Group
Nitro Group
Nitrogen Rule
Nitrogen Ylide
Nitronium Ion
Nitroso Group
Nitrosyl Cation
No-bond Resonance
Nominal Mass
Non-Enolizable Aldehyde
Non-Enolizable Ester
Non-Enolizable Ketone
Nonaromatic
Nonaromatic Annulene
Nonaromatic Compound
Nonessential Amino Acid
Nonessential Fatty Acid
Nonreducing Sugar
Nonsaponifiable Lipid
Nonstandard Amino Acid
Normal Alkane
Nucleophile
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Nucleophilic Addition
Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Nucleophilic Atom
Nucleophilic Solvent
Nucleophilic Substitution
O-P
Observed Rotation
Oil
Olefin
Oligopeptide
Oligosaccharide
Omega-3 Fatty Acid
Omega-6 Fatty Acid
Optical Activity
Optical Purity
Optical Resolution
Optical Rotation
Optically Active
Optically Inactive
Organic Cyanide
Organocopper Compound
Organocopper Reagent
Organocuprate
Organolithium Compound
Organolithium Reagent
Organomagnesium Compound
Organomagnesium Reagent
Organometallic Compound
Organozinc Compound
Organozinc Reagent
Ortho Carbon
Ortho Disubstituted Benzene
Ortho, Para Directing Group
Oxidation
Oxidation Number
Oxidation-Reduction Reaction
Oxidative Addition
Oxidative Insertion
Oxidative Substitution
Oxidizing Agent
Oxime
Oxirane
Oxoacid
Oxonium Ion
Oxymercuration
Oxymercuration-Demercuration
Oxymercuration-Reduction
Ozonide
Ozonolysis
p-Toluenesulfonate Group
p-Toluenesulfonic Acid
p-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride
p-Toluenesulfonyl Group
Para Carbon
Para Disubstituted Benzene
Parallel Overlap
Parent Cycloalkane
Pascal’s Triangle
PCC
Pentose
Peptide
Peptide Bond
Peptide Linkage
Peracid
Percent Transmittance
Perhaloalkane
Pericyclic Reaction
Periodate Ester
Periodic Acid
Peroxyacid
Peroxycarboxylic Acid
Phenol
Phenol Group
Phenoxide Ion
Phenyl Group
Phosphoglyceride
Phospholipid
Phosphorus Ylide
Photolysis
Pi Bond
Pinacol Rearrangement
pK
BH+
pKa
Plane of Symmetry
Plane of Symmetry: Answers
Plane of Symmetry: Mastery Check
Plane-Polarized Light
Polarimeter
Polycycloalkane
Polyene
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Polypeptide
Polysaccharide
Positional Isomers
Post-Translational Modification
Precession Frequency
Precise Mass
Primary Alcohol
Primary Alkyl Carbocation
Primary Alkyl Radical
Primary Allylic Carbocation
Primary Allylic Radical
Primary Amide
Primary Amine
Primary Amine Group
Primary Ammonium Ion
Primary Ammonium Salt
Primary Benzylic Carbocation
Primary Benzylic Radical
Primary Carbon
Primary Hydrogen
Prochiral Carbon
Prochiral Center
Prochiral Molecule
Prochirality Center
Propagation
Prostaglandin
Protecting Group
Protection Step
Protein
Protic Solvent
Pyramidal Inversion
Pyranose
Pyranose Ring
Pyranoside
Pyridinium Chlorochromate
Q-R
(n+1) Rule
Quaternary Ammonium Ion
Quaternary Ammonium Salt
Quaternary Carbon
R,S Convention
Racemate
Racemic Mixture
Racemization
Radical
Radical Anion
Radical Cation
Radical Chain Reaction
Radical Initiator
Rearrangement
Redox Reaction
Reducing Agent
Reducing Sugar
Reduction
Reductive Amination
Regioselective
Regioselectivity
Regiospecific
Relative Configuration
Relative Yield
Replacement Test
Resolution
Resolving Agent
Resonance
Resonance Contributor
Resonance Energy
Resonance Form
Resonance Hybrid
Resonance Structure
Resonance Theory
Retention of Configuration
Retro Diels-Alder Reaction
Retro-Aldol Reaction
Retrosynthetic Analysis
Ring Current
Ring Strain
Robinson Annelation
Robinson Annulation
Ruff Degradation
S-T
s-cis Conformation
s-trans Conformation
Saccharide
Sandmeyer Reaction
Saponifiable Lipid
Saponification
Saturated Carbon
Saturated Fatty Acid
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Saw-Horse Formula
Saytzev’s Rule
Scalemic Mixture
Schiff’s Base
Secondary Alcohol
Secondary Alkyl Carbocation
Secondary Alkyl Radical
Secondary Allylic Carbocation
Secondary Allylic Radical
Secondary Amide
Secondary Amine
Secondary Amine Group
Secondary Ammonium Ion
Secondary Ammonium Salt
Secondary Benzylic Carbocation
Secondary Benzylic Radical
Secondary Carbon
Secondary Hydrogen
Semicarbazone
Sesquiterpene
Shielded Nucleus
Side Chain
Sigma Bond
Silver-Mirror Test
Silyl Ether
Silyl Ether Group
Simmons-Smith Reagent
Simple Homolysis
Singlet Carbene
Skeletal Isomers
SN1 Mechanism
SN1 Reaction
SN2 Mechanism
SN2 Reaction
SNAr Mechanism
Sodium Borohydride
Solvent
Solvolysis
Specific Rotation
Spin Coupling
Spirobicycloalkane
Spirocarbon
Splitting Pattern
Staggered Conformation
Standard Amino Acid
Stereocenter
Stereoformula
Stereogenic Center
Stereoisomers
Stereoselective
Stereospecific
Steric Hindrance
Steric Strain
Steroid
Straight-Chain Alkane
Strecker Synthesis
Structural Formula
Substituted Cycloalkane
Substitution
Substrate
Sugar
Sulfhydryl Group
Sulfide
Sulfide Group
Sulfone
Sulfone Group
Sulfonic Acid
Sulfonium Ion
Sulfoxide
Sulfoxide Group
Sulfur Ylide
Swern Oxidation
Symbols and Abbreviations
Symmetrical Alkene
Symmetrical Alkyne
Symmetrical Anhydride
Symmetrical Double Bond
Symmetrical Ether
Symmetrical Ketone
Symmetrical Triple Bond
Syn Addition
Syncoplanar
Synparallel
Synperiplanar
Tail-to-Tail Link
Tautomerism
Tautomerization
Tautomers
Terminal Alkyne
Termination
Terpenes
Terpenoids
Tertiary Alcohol
Tertiary Alkyl Carbocation
Tertiary Alkyl Radical
Tertiary Allylic Carbocation
Tertiary Allylic Radical
Tertiary Amide
Tertiary Amine
Tertiary Amine Group
Tertiary Amine Oxide
Tertiary Ammonium Ion
Tertiary Ammonium Salt
Tertiary Benzylic Carbocation
Tertiary Benzylic Radical
Tertiary Carbon
Tertiary Hydrogen
Tetrasaccharide
Tetrasubstituted Alkene
Tetrose
Thermodynamic Conditions
Thermodynamic Control
Thermodynamic Enolate
Thermodynamic Product
Thermolysis
Thio Alcohol
Thioacetal
Thioether
Thioether Group
Thioketal
Thiol
Thiol Group
Thiolate Ion
Threo
Tollens’ Reagent
Tollens’ Test
Torsion Angle
Torsional Strain
Tosic Acid
Tosyl Chloride
Tosyl Group
Tosylate Group
Transesterification
Triacylglyceride
Triacylglycerol
Trialkylborane
Triose
Triplet Carbene
Trisaccharide
Trisubstituted Alkene
Triterpene
Tub Conformation
U-V
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Unsubstituted Cycloalkane
Unsymmetrical Alkene
Unsymmetrical Alkyne
Unsymmetrical Double Bond
Unsymmetrical Ether
Unsymmetrical Ketone
Unsymmetrical Triple Bond
Upfield
Uronic Acid
Vicinal Diol
Vicinal Hydrogens
Vinyl Carbon
Vinylic Carbocation
Vinylic Hydrogen
W-X
Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement
Walden Inversion
Wave Number
Wax
Williamson Ether Synthesis
Wittig Reaction
Wittig Reagent
Wolff-Kishner Reduction
Y-Z
Ylide
Zaitsev’s Rule
Zwitterion
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Alkyl Carbocation: Answers
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